Present Perfect Continuous

Pola kalimat

Verbal :

(+) S + Have/Has + been + Ving + O                         (+) She has been speaking English

(-) S + Have/Has + not + been + Ving + O                (-) She has not been speaking English

(?) Have/Has + S + been + Ving + O?                        (?) Has she been speaking English?

Nominal:

Bentuk nominal dari Present Perfect Continuous adalah sama dengan bentuk kalimat nominal dalam prseent perfect

• Fungsi tense ini adalah:

1. menyatakan aktifitas yang telah sedang berlangsung selama beberapa waktu sampai sekarang. Eg: they have been playing football for an hour until now.
2. menyatakan durasi waktu suatu pekerjaan yang telah berlangsung dan masih berlanjut. Eg: Aini has been talking to her mom for two hours.

• Time signal :

1. for two hours until now (selama 2 jam sampai sekarang)
2. for…..until now
3. since….until now.

·         Persamaan perbedaan present perfect dengan present perfect continuous:

1. Jika untuk menyatakan long term activity (lama aktifitas), seperti kata live, stay dll maka tidak ada perbedaan.

Eg: Rama has stayed in this village for 7 years (since 2002)

Rama has been staying in this village for 7 years (since 2002)

2. Jika menggunakan short term activity, maka ada perbedaan. Bandingkan:

eg: she has been studying biology for an hour (now she is not studying biology)

      she has been studying biology for an hour (now she is still studying biology)

3. Present perfect digunakan untuk menyatakan aktifitas yang diulang-ulang di waktu lampau, sedangkan present perfect continuous digunakan untuk menyatakan durasi waktu tersebut yang sampai sekarang masih dijalankan.

RUMUS MENGGUNAKAN KATA TANYA (QUESTION WORD)

1. menanyakan subjek.             à  Q.W + Has + Been + Ving + O?

2. Menanyakan selain subjek.  à  Q.W + Has/Have + S + Been + Ving?

Example:

They have been doing his work for two hours.

a.                                       b                  c

1. Who has been doing his work for two hours?
2. What have they been doing for two hours? 
3. How long have they been doing his work?