Past Perfect

Pola kalimat

Verbal :

(+) S + Had + V3 + O                                                (+) She had spoken English

(-) S + Had + not + V3 + O                                        (-) She had not spoken English

(?) Had + S + V3 + O?                                               (?) had she spoken English?

Nominal:

(+) S + Had + Been + C                                             (+) She had been a teacher when I was there.

(-) S + Had + not + Been + C                                     (-) She had not been a teacher when I was there.

(?) Had + S + Been + C                                              (?) Had she been a teacher when I was there?

• Digunakan untuk menyatakan waktu kejadian yang telah selesai dikerjakan ketika peristiwa lain terjadi di masa lampau.

Eg: when Ajeng reached the station, the train had left two hours ago.

• Time signal: After, Until/till, before, when, as soon as: segera setelah.

RUMUS MENGGUNAKAN KATA TANYA (QUESTION WORD)

1. menanyakan subjek.             à  Q.W + Had + V3 + O?

2. Menanyakan selain subjek.  à  Q.W + Had + S + V3?

Example:

              He had forgotten his keys    

               a           b                 c

1. Who had forgotten his keys?
2. What had he done?

What had he forgotten?